Introduction
Learning outcomes or objectives are statements that clearly specify what learners will have achieved and be able to do by the end of a learning activity. They provide a means of guiding learners in their learning while also being able to specify and measure their achievements. They are predominantly used in education but they are also highly effective when applied to the design of learning sessions as they provide transparency and clarity.
The formation of learning outcomes can be supported by the use of taxonomies. Not only do these taxonomies focus on active learning through the use of verbs, they help to identify levels of expected understanding. Two popular taxonomies in education are Bloom's revised taxonomy and SOLO (Structure of Observed Learning Outcome). The latter is particularly useful as it "describes a hierarchy, where each partial construction becomes the foundation on which further learning is built" (Biggs & Tang 2011: 90).
Information
Developed by the Educational Development Unit, University of the Highlands and Islands.
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×Glossary
Accessibility
A characteristic of technology that enables people with disabilities to use it. For example, accessible Websites can be navigated by people with visual, hearing, motor, or cognitive impairments. Accessible design also benefits people with older or slower software and hardware.
Accredited
Official recognition awarded by an authority or body to recognise that certain standards have been achieved/met.
Active learning
A learner-centred model of learning that utilises activities in class sessions to enhance learning.
Andragogy
The theory and practice of teaching adult learners - see pedagogy.
Assessment
The process used to judge, evaluate or appraise whether a system or a person meets a set of criteria or requirements.
Asynchronous Learning.
Learning that uses methods or technology that enables the exchange of information outwith the boundaries of time and space. Used when working across time zones or where people are unlikely to all be available at the same time. Discussion boards and email are examples of tools that can be utilised.
Attribution
Information provided alongside a piece of work to identify the original creator or copyright owner.
Audience
The group of people that the learning has been designed to teach.
Audio lecture
A recording of either a live lecture or a scripted lecture that is then distributed online for learners to listen to.
Authoring Tool
Software tools used by developers and instructional designers to create e-learning materials.
Avatar
A graphic or icon used to represent a person in an online environment. Intended to enable users to add a personal touch to their online presence.