The Application layer
- Users interact with Application layer
- “Users” of application layer: Software (SW) entities that use it
- Composed of:
- SW entities (programs, processes) and services that interact with the “user” through an interface
- Among others, it includes the following protocols, and associated applications :
- TELNET (Remote Terminal Protocol), virtual network terminal
- FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
- SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer protocol) → email
- DNS (Domain Name System)
- HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) → web