Autocovariance

Cxx(t1,t2)=EXt1-ηx(t1)X(t2)-ηx(t2)=Rxx(t1,t2)-ηx(t1)ηx(t2)

It measures how predictable a zero-mean random variable is from another zero-mean random variable. To define the zero-mean random variable, the mean is subtracted from the random variable.

The Variance is obtained when both time instants are equal:

Cxx(t,t)=EXt-ηx(t)X(t)-ηx(t)=Rxx(t,t)-ηx(t)ηx(t)

Note that in a random signal, the mean and the variance are time functions. When the variance is zero, the spread around the mean is null, and a DETERMINISTIC signal is obtained.

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