Orbitals
- A more advanced model than the electron shell model.
- Electrons are assigned to atomic orbitals that occupy different regions of space. The orbital is a theoretical volume where the electron exists 95 % of the time.
- The base orbitals are s, p and d.
Atomic Orbitals:
In every electron shell: 1 s-orbital
From, and including, shell 2: 3 p-orbitals
From, and including, shell 3: 5 d-orbitals
Max 2 electrons in each orbital!!
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How to fill the orbitals with electrons
When all have one electron we start to fill the orbitals with the second electron.
© University of Borås
Aufbau principle: The electron is always positioned in the orbital with the lowest energy
Pauli principle: There can be maximum 2 electrons in each orbital. The electrons have different spinn.
Hund’s rule: Orbitals with the same energy first get 1 electron each.
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Project
Contact
This resource was developed as part of an Erasmus+ project, funded with support from the European Commission under grant agreement 2016-1-SE01-KA203-22064.
The project was a collaboration between:
- The University of Borås, Sweden
- The University of the Highlands and Islands, Scotland
- The University of Alcalá, Spain
- Digital Connections, Scotland
This resource has been released under Creative Commons license CC-BY-SA 4.0.
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- Academic content – The University of Boras (www.hb.se)
- Technical resource development – The University of the Highlands and Islands Educational Development Unit - EDU (edu@uhi.ac.uk)
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